Comparing Perception in Blade Runner, Memento, Three Kings and American Beauty :: Movie Film Essays

Comparing Perception in Blade Runner, Memento, Three Kings and American BeautyThroughout this course, we have seen a come in of films that are quite different. These films are diverse in their subject matter ranging from the drama of American Beauty, the political and action based nature of Three Kings, the erudition fictional social statements on technology presented by Blade Runner, to the fragmented and contemporary techniques of experimental Memento. However, I would argue that all of the above mentioned have been relate by an unsuspecting thread, and I am going to demonstrate what that thread is here. These films have been tied together by a theme, of which I have scripted in past analyses of some of these films, and I choose to bring that theme forward again. I do so because I believe that this particular ideal is at the bottom and the most imperative in all of these stories. The notion, which I am referring to, is that the world is what we make of it that bad things, and good things alike, happen to us, but our final view of the world as a good or bad place is determined by our choice to perceive it as one or the other.Blade Runner portrays this ideology in the main representation of the replicants. When Deckard first meets Rachel, he says to Tyrell Shes a replicant, isnt she? Tyrell responds by pointing out that Rachel is an experiment. Nothing more. This makes us aware that Rachel is a replicant with memories and emotional response and is not aware of her true identity as a replicant but believes herself to be human. Her memories are implanted memories of Tyrells niece. So Rachel believes her reality to be different from that of what Tyrell and Deckard know to be reality. Whether their reality is truer than Rachels reality is a point of debate. This relative reality changes for Deckard as he becomes emotionally attached to Rachel and then romantically involved with her. Towards the end, Deckard does not see Rachel as a replicant any longer, even after she learns the truth.More generally, however, Blade Runner presents a world of deterioration. It is a date when most of humanity has left the earth in order to colonize other planets, and all natural life is virtually extinct. It is a world plagued by acid rain, genetically engineered plants, animals, and replicants of course.

Impact of European Expansion on the Environment :: Environment Environmental Pollution Preservation

Impact of European Expansion on the EnvironmentTechnology has facilitated the transportation of a corporation of people from one part of the world to another. This massive human travel, either it be the exploration, colonization, or trade of the early European nations or the contemporary al-Qaida of trade, tourism, or globalization, has strikeed the surround and the humans involved. This paper focuses on the era of European expansion to examine the effect of human travel on the environment and humans. The Europeans were not only responsible for the unfeigned exploitation of natural resources in the places they discovered, but they also took diseases, new technologies, and non-native plant and animal species which had a tremendous impact on the native human population as well as the environment.The hunger for more natural resources and the need to trade for exotic goods were the main causes for European exploration and colonization. Even though religion was used as a pretext for E uropean expeditions, gold was the real motive (1). Cippola further explains that, Through the melodic theme of mission and crusade the conquistadores succeeded where the medieval merchants failed and were able to reconcile the antithesis between business and religion that had plagued the conscience of medieval Europe(2). Cipolla also discards Malthusian constrict as a possible cause for European expansion. Devastating and recurrent epidemics were constantly keeping the population growth in check and no population pressure of any relevance was felt in Europe till the second half of the eighteenth century (3). By eliminating these two powerful driving forces as the motivation for expansion, Cipolla claims that European expansion was basically a commercial venture (4). This expansion, being a very aggressive commercial venture, has some effect on the environment. The Europeans exploited the natural resources of the places they discovered. Excessive mining for natural resources and de forestation for shipbuilding are examples of environmental damages caused by European expansion (5). As the expansion spread throughout the world and the European Empires grew bigger and stronger, so did the pressure put on the environment to sustain this expansion.In addition to the actual exploitation of the natural resources of discovered nations and the harm to the environment associated with it, the Europeans brought with them diseases and introduced non-native plant and animal species that had catastrophic effect on to the native human population and the ecosystem, respectively. Even though the Europeans ventured into all the continents, the Americas were the ones that were greatly affected by the diseases that traveled with the Europeans.

Search for Innocence in American Modernism Essay -- Literature Essays

Search for Innocence in American Modernism American Literature from its very beginning has been centered around a theme of innocence. The Puritans wrote ab fall out abandoning the corruption of Europe to find innocence in a new world. The Romantics saw innocence and power in nature and oft wrote of escaping from civilization to return to nature. After the Civil War, however, the innocence of the nation is challenged. The Realists focused on the loss of innocence and in Naturalist works innocence is largely gone. During these periods of American Literature it seems almost as if a great deal was being dug, a sort of emptying of innocence, and after World War I the Modernists called this hole the wasteland Many Modernist works focus on society lost in the wasteland, but they hint at a way out. The path out of the wasteland is through a return to innocence. This is evident in the Modernist works of The wasteland by T. S. Eliot, Directive by Robert Frost, Babylon Revisited by F. Scot t Fitzgerald, and Hills Like White Elephants by Earnest Hemingway as will be shown in an analysis of the inhabitants of the wasteland and their search for innocence, the role of children and pregnancy in the wasteland, and the symbolism of water and rebirth. But in the beginning I go on, I believe that I should first clarify what I spurious by a return to innocence. First, there is some bewilderment between innocence and ignorance. They are often used interchangeably. Because a person is innocent, it does not mean that he or she is unaware of reality. Innocence is almost equivalent a different type of view. A child and an adult may interpret a single thing entirely differently, but this does not mean that the adult knows more about that thing. Innocence is open ... ...ed society and only through the return of innocence can there be hope of anything better. work Cited Eliot, T.S. The wasteland. In The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Volume II. Edited by Paul Lauter et al. Lexington, MA D.C. Heath and Company, 1991 1447-1463. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Babylon Revisited. In The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Volume II. Edited by Paul Lauter et al. Lexington, MA D.C. Heath and Company, 1991 1471-1485. Frost, Robert. Directive. In The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Volume II. Edited by Paul Lauter et al. Lexington, MA D.C. Heath and Company, 1991 1208-1209. Hemingway, Ernest. Hills Like White Elephants. In The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Volume II. Edited by Paul Lauter et al. Lexington, MA D.C. Heath and Company, 1991 1471-1485.

Free College Essays - Machiavelli’s Politics in The Prince :: Machiavelli Prince

The Prince - Machiavellis Italian Politics The Prince was one of the first humanist works of the Renaissance. Indeed it is a work of art, a literary chef-doeuvre of sorts. Yet this work has been vehemently debated over the centuries and remains one of the most controversial pieces of writing today. Although many critics consider The Prince a satire, simply an attempt to key out the problems with the ruling class, most see Machiavellis work as a serious attempt to lay the groundwork for the reunification of Italy under the Medici family of Florence. Machiavellis fancy that the model prince should use a variety of tactics to secure his powernamely that the end justifies the meansis the most controversial issue raised in The Prince. Knowing that this notion would not be universally accepted, Machiavelli, through his book, tries to justify his idea by showing that men are inherently evil. Though godliness can often serve to unify a prince and his people, it can also serve to un do him. Thus, Machiavelli proposes that politics and religion should be held in separate spheresreligion, in Gods spherepolitics, in mans. Many readers applaud this theme as refreshingly realistic others attack Machiavellis assertions, saying that they via media moral integrity. Yet Machiavellis prince does not wish to preserve moral good or spiritual integrity he simply wants to attain and curb his principality. Machiavelli struggles to pave a road for order in this world, in the here and now he doesnt attempt to secure the otherworldly blessings of God. This notion, of course, stands in lancinating contrast to the moral virtue promoted by most Greek, Roman, and Hebrew politicians and writers. These thinkers saw no clear distinction between religion and politics, instead seeing the poof as the human embodiment of God. Thus, Machiavelli gives a general overview of human behavior, hoping that future princes can establish peace and security in their kingdoms, using this basic kn owledge.

Music Censorship Essays -- essays research papers fc

Things are heating up in America. People are protesting outside of the movie theaters, concerts, and throw and record stores of this great nation everywhere. What is all the fuss about? Censorship, Government officials, and raving mad protesters alike have been trying to stop the expressive creativity in everything from rap music to Mark Twain.Censorship in music is a topic that has brought about much controversy in the past dickens decades. There have been many different arguments on the topic, however the question still remains as if it should be censored or it should not be censored. In Paul Blanshards book The Right To Read The Battle Against Censorship, he speaks of censorship as a negative boundary on society. Blanshard argues that slew have been given the right to express themselves fully and censorship is incorrect on the basis of the first constitutional right. Martha Bayles, in her article The Perverse in the Popular, discusses acharacteristic of society that she call s perverse modernity, which refers to the publics attraction to the evils or negatives of society. Perverse modernism will cause censorship of contentious music to be unsuccessful. There are several concerns and issues with artistic expression through music, however censorship of the controversial music will not settle down any problems and it will only create more problems. The current state of society would not allow music censorship to be successful.Perverse modernism, which refers to the publics attraction to the evils or negatives of society, is a characteristic that has become a standard of todays society. This characteristic is not something that emerged recently that it has grown slowly through time. For hundreds of years, society has been exposed to negative solid through literature, television, or music. People have developed an interest in material that is forbidden. There is a need for people to fulfill their curiosity with knowledge of all material, good or bad. Je ffery Goldstein explains, Violent entertainment did not suddenly fix on the scene, and it is not likely to depart it any time soon. People become acclimated to the arousal generated by violent images, but they have a keep need for excitement. Does this mean that we shall have to accept ever-increasing violence and terror for entertainment purposes? It would appear to be... ...Works Cited Anderson, Craig A. et al. The Influence of Media on the Youth Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 4.3 (1999) 81-110 Bayles, Martha. The Perverse in the Popular. Wilson Quarterly 25 (Summer 2001) 40-47.Blanshard, Paul. The Right To Read The Battle Against Censorship.Boston The Beacon Press, 1955 Goldstein, Jeffrey. The Attractions of Violent Entertainment. Media Psychology1.3 (1999) 271.Huff, Darrell. Homepage. 2004.http//www.effectivemeetings.com/productivity/communication/statmanipulation.aspLevendosky, Charles. chairman Bush Make Those Protestors Disappear. Humanist64.1 (Jan/Fe b2004) 4 Shemitz, Jon. Homepage. June 30, 1994 - June 1, 1997http//www.midnightbeach.com/jon/US-Constitution.htmSmith, Valerie. Home page. April 19, 2004. http//www.fradical.com/Canadian_copycat_incidents.htmMusic Censorship201U5 Research in the DisciplinesFinal DraftWord count 3,253F. Nika HedgesSpring 2004

Music Censorship Essays -- essays research papers fc

Things are heating up in America. People are protesting outside of the movie theaters, concerts, and book and record stores of this slap-up nation everywhere. What is all the fuss about? Censorship, Government officials, and raving mad protesters alike discombobulate been trying to stop the expressive creativity in everything from beg music to Mark Twain.Censorship in music is a topic that has brought about much controversy in the past two decades. There have been many different arguments on the topic, however the question still remains as if it should be censored or it should not be censored. In capital of Minnesota Blanshards book The Right To Read The Battle Against Censorship, he speaks of censorship as a negative boundary on society. Blanshard argues that people have been habituated the right to express themselves fully and censorship is incorrect on the basis of the first constitutional right. Martha Bayles, in her article The wilful in the Popular, discusses a attribute of society that she calls perverse modernism, which refers to the publics attraction to the evils or negatives of society. Perverse modernism lead cause censorship of controversial music to be unsuccessful. There are several concerns and issues with artistic expression through music, however censorship of the controversial music will not resolve any problems and it will only create more problems. The current state of society would not allow music censorship to be successful.Perverse modernism, which refers to the publics attraction to the evils or negatives of society, is a characteristic that has become a standard of todays society. This characteristic is not something that emerged recently but it has grown easy through time. For hundreds of years, society has been exposed to negative material through literature, television, or music. People have developed an interest in material that is forbidden. There is a need for people to fulfill their curiosity with knowledge of all materi al, good or bad. Jeffery Goldstein explains, Violent entertainment did not suddenly arrive on the scene, and it is not likely to depart it any time soon. People become acclimated to the arousal generated by violent images, but they have a continuing need for excitement. Does this repute that we shall have to accept ever-increasing violence and terror for entertainment purposes? It would appear to be... ...Works Cited Anderson, Craig A. et al. The Influence of Media on the Youth Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 4.3 (1999) 81-110 Bayles, Martha. The Perverse in the Popular. Wilson Quarterly 25 (Summer 2001) 40-47.Blanshard, Paul. The Right To Read The Battle Against Censorship.Boston The Beacon Press, 1955 Goldstein, Jeffrey. The Attractions of Violent Entertainment. Media Psychology1.3 (1999) 271.Huff, Darrell. Homepage. 2004.http//www.effectivemeetings.com/productivity/communication/statmanipulation.aspLevendosky, Charles. President Bush have got Those Protestor s Disappear. Humanist64.1 (Jan/Feb2004) 4 Shemitz, Jon. Homepage. June 30, 1994 - June 1, 1997http//www.midnightbeach.com/jon/US-Constitution.htmSmith, Valerie. Home page. April 19, 2004. http//www.fradical.com/Canadian_copycat_incidents.htmMusic Censorship201U5 Research in the DisciplinesFinal DraftWord count 3,253F. Nika HedgesSpring 2004

Working Together Story

It was a blustery Wednesday night the sun was setting and darkness was descending on the public fields. A whistle blew and the boys playing footb alone on the field all gathered round a small bald headed man called Kev Smith. Kev was the manager of a failing boys football police squad in the Greater Manchester U16S 4th division. The squad hadnt won a high for seven months and were last in the lowest league they could possibly be in.Well done lads give tongue to Kev with his harsh shrill voice, I declare seen some promising things in training tonight and Im sure if we save training like that, well improve our skills and maybe not lose a game in the foreseeable future 12 o clock Sunday, next gameits at home. Be promt he clapped his hands and the boys departed, joking and messing ab out(p). Kev collected in the balls and poles and got into his car.On his way home, he put his team, (Oldham Fliers), into perspective- he realised his team was appalling. The goal flight attendant o nly played there because he couldnt kick the ball. The defenders are rash and about as pacey as a slug, the midfield couldnt dribble or establish to save their life and the rapeers had the flair and finishing of a bus. He laughed to himself, but in his heart he badly commanded his team to hire a result one of these days, so they can experience triumph and taste victory.Sunday arrived- a cup game between Oldham fliers and second division leadership Rochdale boys. In the parks changing room, morale was low for Oldham. Theyre faded red plain shirts looked pathetic and their shorts of all colours looked shabby. Now look lads, on the dot because these lads have fancy kits and are in a higher league, doesnt mean we cant try as hard as themall I want from you is one hundred ten percent. There was a uneasy pause and everyone looked at the floor Heres todays team Twiggy, Goal, left Back, Dave Slowmann, right back, Joe Horsmann, centre backs, captain Si Horlock and Andy Fotheringham, mi dfield, Jason Frog, Jamie Stutterford, Lee Black and Andy Cheffsson an upfront well have Chris Gallagher and Paul Howmann. The team were so unorganised they didnt even have any substitutes Come on lads lets give this all weve got and put it to them. The unenthusiastic boys trudged out of the changing room onto the battlefield on which they were about to be conquered.The game ended 11-0 to Rochdale. Oldham played with no commitment and were frail at the best of times, things couldnt get much worse than this for the club. At half-time Kev tried his best to lift the players confidence and get them fired up for the game, but alls Kev could manage to do was secure them up by bringing them back into the changing room for the half-time break. The players ran around laboriously and panicked every time the ball came to one of them. The Oldham players strolled of the stir and didnt look in the least surprised at the hammering.The clubs morale was also at an all time low and when a team are miss confidence and morale it is visible by their performances. Kev said to his players while he was getting changed If we want to win, we have to believe were not beaten before we have even played the game. Kev left and drove off, leaving the boys to change and talk alone.The silent boys than began to murmur amongst themselves until Andy Fotheringham made him self heard among the other boys, he said to them Lets put in an extra special effort in training next workweek for Kev and play with some direction for a change, because we all want to, its its just we dont believe we can, but Im sure if we all tried and felt much confidence on the ball we could dedicate together and get a result. The boys started to murmur to each other more loudly and they all decided Andy was right and that they should all have some faith in themselves and try and pull off a result for Kev who gave up his time, week in, week out.Wednesday night arrived, and the team was warming up and harmonizening aro und the field before Kev arrived. When Kev pulled up at the weight in his car he was astonished to see his lads doing something constructive instead of what they usually do before training which is throw get stuck at each other and try to trip each other over. Without saying anything to the boys Kev set up a drill and removed the equipment from the back of his car. The boys were far-off more accurate than usual when they did shooting practice and in the game at the end of training every single player ran around more and attempted more longer, harder passes and even some players thought up some neat moves and scored some excellent goals Kev was surprised to say the least at his teams confident display. He thought to himself whats brought this on? Kev said Home again on Sunday 1o clock. Lets put all our effort in training to good use in our game on Sunday all right lads? Kev packed up the balls and cones and still couldnt believe his teams morale boost. Kev got in his car and drove off, leaving the pitch and hopefully the clubs slump behind him.Same team as last week said the sub-less once again manager. The words Kev said seemed to echo over the blank space changing room walls, Todays fixture was against fellow strugglers in the league Salford all stars C team. Lets show some confidence today lads and get this elusive result. Without still ado the team left and were warming up on the pitch.It was amazing 0-0 at half time. Oldham hadnt conceded a goal and even looked dangerous Every Salford attack was neatly broken down and despatched to a team-mate further up the pitch. Full-time came and Kev was numb from shock. It was the last minute, Lee black made a surging run and whipped in a hopeful looking cross which was rather awkwardly met by the head of Chris Gallagher, the ball skimmed of his head and looped over the advancing keeper and into an open net. The whistle blew and the boys stood still, they didnt know what to do, when it had sunk in they had scored they shouted and ran around pointlessly and even better the last touch the ball got from Chris head was the utmost touch of the game and Oldham had ran out 1-0 victorsThe disgraced Salford team plodded back in silence to their changing room. In the Oldham changing room the lads were making a endocarp of a noise chanting some English Anthems like Were going to wembley and we are the champions When Kev came in the boys fell silent. For once, today we played as a team who believed in themselves and believe me lads, we played some very attractive football today, we should use this magnificent result as a building block for hopefully many more wins for the club so lets get ourselves in gear now and take this club into division 3 said an ecstatic Kev. The boys all agreed with Kev and agreed they should all from now on work more together as a team.5 years on Oldham Fliers are in division 3 and have attained a respectable league position, and have some talented young players and yes Kev is still there week in, week out.

Human Kind and Extraterrestrial Life Essay

For centuries ever since man has first looked up at the night sky and wondered what early(a) things existed beyond Earth he has continued to research the heavens in search for answers. Over a few hundred years the quest for truth has yield substantial amounts of data. It is true that ancient astronomers did nothing more than secure attribute mythical and religious meaning to different celestial phenomena. Stars ask been given their respective namesa group of them argon even linked to gods and mythical figures as constellations, and were used as a timetable for various human activities like navigation and agriculture.However, the improvements in modern astronomy bedevil changed the rules of the game from mere nomenclature to a more profound exploration of space and the myriad possibilities that it brings. The quest for knowing other biography outside the artificial satellite has never been more exciting and providential as it had been before. Slowly we are beginning to realize that the chances that there are advanced life-forms out there postp wizment to be discovered are significantly high to support the asseverate that we are not simply. To say that the entire universe is a big maneuver is to make the biggest scientific understatement.Science has revealed that the universe is so big that there are no mathematical figures to approximate its size. In order to define the cognize borders of space there is a need to express terms in a special unit called a Light Or the distance that smartness travels in one year. Recently, the Hubble Space telescope has pegged the perimeter and edges of the universe to a width of millions and millions of light years (OBrien, Long Live Hubble). Such distance altogether beggars description. Within that given space, there are billions of individual galaxies each with roughly 400 million stars in the system on average.There could be little but there could also be a dozen times more. At any rate, there are an estimated m illions of stars with planetary systems like our own. Roughly a fraction of a percent of that publication may return planets that host organic elements of life both simple and complex. Some of the complex life-forms may explicate into quick life capable of developing competent scientific knowledge and even perhaps communicate with their neighbors using advanced wireless technology just like we had been doing at the turn of the last century. Planet Earth appears to be the but planet in the Solar System viable for life.Most planets grant noxious environments and harsh atmospheres. Our closest planetary neighbors, Mars and Venus, are either too cold or too hot (Sagan, Heaven and Hell, 76-79). The native soup which made life on Earth possible will freeze or dry up anywhere else in the Solar System. Indeed, devotion waxes poetic that our realism is an astounding and thought-provoking miracle of life. However, evolutionary scientists would say that we are just fortunate that the environment, at one point of our planets memorial, has been contributive to the formation of life and the same has not been interrupted by any outside cause (Dawkins 19).Some planets in other stars may theoretically be as lucky to be able to give rise to life, and theoretically intelligent beings too (21). But just like Mars, Venus and other planets in the Solar System, the chances of life are rare. Even with Earth alone, the statistics reflect how fragile the occurrence of life began millions of years ago. Unless there are kinds of biological species that can stretch forth even extreme environments and thus would continue to develop despite harsh conditions, then Earth life might just all there is in the universe.Thanks to recent discoveries, however, scientists are inclined to believe that a certain kind of bacterium can live in the highest or lowest temperatures, soundproof to both heat and cold, makes it possible that life may still develop or artificially introduced in Mar s and Venus or elsewhere disregarding of hostile environments (Sagan 9). If that is the case, the chances of life may be higher than previously expected. While scientists are busy in attempting to find life out there, the rest of the world is perpetually fascinated with the idea of the existence of stranger life.Science fiction and Hollywood movies are in the forefront of providing us with hypothetical images and scenarios of estranges visiting our planet. outlander invasion is one of the most(prenominal) titillating themes that fire up our imagination. H. G. Wells War of the Worlds and Steven Spielbergs Independence Day bespeak both our universal relish to feel that we are not alone and the irrational fear that beings more intelligent than us would destroy the planet. The realm of the unknown viz. extraterrestrial life has never been simultaneously awe-inspiring and scary.In addition, fiction writers and film-makers present extraterrestrial beings as creatures that appear, be possess and live entirely different from humans. Similarly, if we are to accept the stick in that conditions for life in other planets were vastly peculiar, then it is fair to expect that the aliens would probably have tentacles, communicate through ESP, possess superhuman powers, spit reprehensible saliva, eat through metal or have human like bodies but with pasty white skin and large, black oval eyes.Although they seem to be portrayed differently, the literature on aliens share the common feature that they are antagonistic creatures out to invade and kill all humans Scientists theorize that if other life-forms were capable of making interstellar travel they must have evolved as a species and as a elegance to eschew violence. Otherwise, if such aliens were warmongers as movies and wisdom fiction stories would suggest, then they would have obliterated themselves way before they have developed complex means of space travel.In fact, alien tourists, if there have been some, would have more reasons to fear us than we would have to fear them. Carl Sagan writes that it is more likely that the mere fact that they have survived for so great is because they have larn to live with themselves and others (258). Similarly, he adds that perhaps our fears reflect our own backward thinking as a civilization, an expression of our guilty conscience about our past history The ravages against civilizations only slightly backward than we (259).In other words, the conquests done by Western civilization against their contemporaries time and again are so imbedded in our history that we expect advanced life-forms to have the same colonizing tendencies. The fascination for extraterrestrial life grows with such gusto that several years after alien spark plug has reached feverish pitch, numerous sights Unidentified Flying Objects all over the world have been reported. Likewise, people claim to have been abducted and subjected to strange experiments by our curious alien visitors.T he encounters are few and far amongst but each of them fuels our imagination. Thus far, none of the sightings have been confirmed to be true although we desperately believe that one or two are real (Cook, UFOs the Secret Evidence). As several critics of alleged alien encounters rightly observes, the relation between alien encounters and weird and wacky people who report them only proves the fact that these reports are a hoax. Meanwhile, humanity has yet to mature as a civilization before we even begin to welcome other intelligent species.Accordingly, science fiction writers posit the theory of the Fermi paradox stating the reason why aliens have not paid us a visit is because they, the advanced alien community has cordoned off the earth in a galactic nursery, until the time that we have reached an adequate stage, ready for contact (Tee, foreigner Life). Yet scientists and writers remain optimistic about the existence of intelligent life-form. The famous Drake equation translates t he possibility of extraterrestrial life into a mathematical formula where N is the number of advanced civilizations in our Milky Way galaxy.It is the product of respects assigned with respect to the number of stars in the galaxy, the fraction of which that have planetary systems, a percent of which are suitable for substantial biological formation, the probability that life arises, the variable pertaining to its evolution, intelligence and merely multiplied to the reasonable time that intelligent life is able to survive taking into account the possibility of self-eradication due to wars, environmental changes and the like (Ford, What is the Drake Equation?). The value of N could be any number more than one what with the number of stars and galaxies in the universe. Even if the estimate hovers on an insignificant value of 1 or 3, the prospect, that one or more planetary systems have intelligent life and such have survived and evolved into complex societies, is truly astonishing. Th e statistical computation of the probability that Extraterrestrial beings exist leaves little to the imagination.Scientists are convinced that life exists in other planets that they have established extravagant methods of getting in touch with them. One of the most ambitious projects of making contact to outer beings to date is the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) program. The name of the project sums up what it sets out to doto search the heavens for signs of intelligent life. It sends radio signals and broadcasts them to specified points in space, such as candidate stars and planets. 50 years of sending the messages, a reply has yet to be received.Of course, this does not disprove the claim of alien life, what with the distance that the radio signals have to travel to and fro the recipient, but rather, this only inspires other scientists to develop quicker and more effective means of communication (Shostak, conclusion Them, conclusion Us). In addition, the Nationa l Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been continuously sending golden discs into outer-space, ever since it sent the first men into the moon, containing elaborate about human civilization and how far it has progressed (Sagan 264-265).To this day, the discs hurl into the infinite void with the hope of one day crash-landing into a planet with beings capable of deciphering the code. We have long been fixated on our earthly problems and conflicts, and took pride with all our achievements, but the moment that contact is made, the event would change how we look at ourselves and how we appreciate our place in the universal magnitude of things. If before we could not care much about how badly we treat our close neighbors in the planet, we might fare better as an intelligent species by the mere thought that we are not alone.As such, we have to find ways to learn how to live peacefully and progress scientifically if only to survive long enough to meet our interstellar neighbors. Nevertheless, the question whether or not there is extraterrestrial life remains to be answered conclusively, whether we are alone or not Either conclusion is mind-boggling.Works CitedCook, Nick. UFOs The Secret Evidence. 18 Mar. 2006. BBC Online Documentaries. 1 May 2008 . Dawkins, Richard. The Selfish Gene. London Oxford University Press, 1990. Ford, Steve. What is the Drake Equation? Aug. 1995. The SETI League. 1 May 2008 http//www. setileague. org/general/drake. htm. OBrien, Miles. Long Live Hubble. 31 Oct. 2006. CNN International. 1 May 2008 http//edition. cnn. com/2006/TECH/space/10/31/hubble. obrien/index. html. Sagan, Carl. Cosmos. New York Ballantine Books, 1980. Shostak, Seth. Finding Them, Finding Us. 28 Feb. 2008. SETI Institute. 1 May 2008 . Tee, Brian. Extraterrestrial Life. The Ten Big Questions. 1 May 2008 http//www. 123infinity. com/extraterrestrial_life. html.

How Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Are Related? Essay

RABBIRRA ener take inic postscript inwardness plans to leverage its line of crossings model to satisfy three elemental consumer necessarily information, monetary value forcefulness and quality in a single pop out. As far as information generation is concerned, RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center plans to use opinion leaders to generate extensive reviews on popular fruits. Furthermore RABBIRRA mobile accessory center plans to offer attractive incentives for clients to sign up on our web site and review products.We also plan to import high quality of china model mobile accessories and other countries model. 2. Cost effectiveness With its expertise in wholesaling and all its suppliers based in China, RABBIRRA mobile accessory center anticipates margins of 30-60% on its products and can react to new entrants by offering similar products at negligible margins. 1. 3 Location Locating the business forget be in East showa at Gedo City kebele 01 near(a) Chaliya Hotel. The reason for chosen this location has been the following criteria.In this location we get all facilities easily such as transport, water supply, electric power supply and others, the house economic rent is very less apostrophize, we get a lot of customers because around the location there is no more other business to operate this activities. It is comfortable to direct markets . the location also enables the business to cover a large and rapidly developing customer populace. E-Commerce The business will make an effort to enhance its gross revenue through a serious and utilityous website in order to attract customers that be reluctant to do business with large companies. 1. 4 Market worldThe market area of our business plan to selling our mobile accessories is in the center of Gedo City kebele 01. It has a lot of population around here and it is near to Chaliya Hotel. In this area there are a lot of schools, building constrictions, and social and religion institutes, other market centers, hotels and restaurants this give a better advantage of selling our products. 1. 5 Market Segmentation RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center will focus onfive customer groups, bearing in header that it is quite customary today to oblige more than one mobile phone per family * Children in the age group of 14-17 grades old Students * General populace * Professionals * Service organizations and companies that need to be in constant communication with their employees. Customer potential Growth Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Children(14-17 days) 3% 90,000 92,700 95,481 Student 2 % 50,000 51,000 52,020 Professions 2 % 40,000 40,800 41,616 General public 2% 250,000 255,000 260,100 Operating service comp either 4% 40,000 41,600 43,264 Other 1% 30,000 30,300 30,603 essential 2. 29% 500,000 511,400 523,084 Table 1. 1 Main customers of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center . 6 entire demand The following table is show demands of the product per month and pre year- wares Demand per month(quantity) Demand pe r year(quantity) Battery 100 1200 battery charger 90 1080 retrospect cx 1320 Screen protector 50 600 Case 55 660 speak 95 1140 Adapter 75 900 telephone set 98 1176 Head countersink 80 960 Cable 60 720 Modem 45 240 Audio accessory 48 576 Table 1. 2 Main product demands of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center In general total demand of our business is increased based on as we see that he topic of customers are increases and they will satisfy by our product and the place of the business is comfortable for the market. 1. 7 Market Share RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center has set modest goals for gains in market share as can be seen from the chart down the stairs. Starting with a market share of 15%, RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center plans to capture 24% of the market by 2016. % 30 25 20 15 10 0 Year 1 year 2 year 3 Fig 1. 1 Market sharing of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center 1. 8 Selling harm Many product sellers are struggle with selling price, and we are regularly asked how we work it out.As much as we want to and the selling price formula is based on Rate-Plus regularity. The selling price of from each one product is the following- Products Purchasing price ( zoom a farsighted) Profit ( percent) Profit ( zoom along) Selling price(birr) Battery 73. 45 10. 27 7. 55 80. 00 Charger 24. 50 22. 45 5. 5 30. 00 Memory 65. 70 14. 15 9. 30 75. 00 Screen protector 43. 80 14. 15 6. 20 50. 00 Case 17. 00 17. 65 3. 00 20. 00 Cover 21. 50 16. 28 3. 50 25. 00 Adapter 18. 60 18. 28 3. 40 22. 00 Earphone 23. 00 21. 74 5. 00 28. 00 Headset 85. 40 17. 38 14. 60 100. 00 Cable 35. 0 12. 04 4. 30 40. 00 Modem 53. 65 11. 84 6. 35 60. 00 Audio accessory 92. 00 19. 58 18. 00 110. 00 Table 1. 3 Product selling price of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center 1. 9 Sales Forecast Sales forecast displayed here is very although we aim very high, we decided to show a very slow growth and rewrite the plan on a yearly basis. As a rule we expect to expand the volume much more rapidly Year 1 Products A mount (quantity) Price (birr) Battery 1,200 96,800 Charger 1,080 32,400 Memory 1,320 99,000 Screen protector 600 30,000 Case 660 13,200 Cover 1,140 28,500Adapter 900 19,800 Earphone 1,176 32,928 Headset 960 96,000 Cable 720 28,800 Modem 540 32,400 Audio accessory 576 63,360 numerate 10,872 573,188 Table 1. 4 Product Sales Forecast of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center (year one) Year 2 Products Amount (quantity) Price (birr) Battery 1344 107,520 Charger 1209 36,270 Memory 1478 110,850 Screen protector 672 33,600 Case 739 14,780 Cover 1276 31,900 Adapter 1008 22,176 Earphone 1317 36,876 Headset 1075 107,500 Cable 806 32,240 Modem 605 36,300 Audio accessory 642 70,620 list 12,171 640,632 Table 1. Product Sales Forecast of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center (year two) Year 3 Products Amount (quantity) Price (birr) Battery 1505 120,400 Charger 1354 40,620 Memory 1655 124,125 Screen protector 753 37,650 Case 828 16,560 Cover 1429 37,725 Adapter 1128 24,816 Earphone 1475 41,300 Headset 1204 120,400 Cable 903 36,120 Modem 678 40,680 Audio accessory 719 79,090 Total 13,631 719,486 Table 1. 6 Product Sales Forecast of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center (year three) Fig 1. 2 Product Sales Forecast of RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center 1. 10 Promotion measuresPrimarily when we begin agreement selling the product we sell that product price without including our get and other expenses sell the product only the represent of the purchasing product. In addition to this we advertisement by satisfied customers, use of posters, Brochures, billboards and regular trigger off supply by the manufacturer. 1. 11 Marketing Strategy short-term marketing strategies are those that bringwill bring usa temporary progress in traffic. Although these techniques are very important toour over-all plan, they are only a temporary traffic source and must not be solely relied upon.Short-term marketing strategies include * Purchasing Advertising * Bulletin Boards * Search Engines Long-term marketing s trategies are those that will bringus a steady pour out of targeted traffic over time. These strategies will continue to produce results even years down the road. Long-term marketing strategies include * Decide-in Lists * Free gift * Content By creating and implementing a fit marketing strategy, using both short-term and long-term strategies,RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Centerwill drive a steady flowing of targeted traffic to our website.Using this simple formula when creatingour Internet marketing strategy and excelling at all three, we hope toguarantee our success. Our short-term marketing strategy will focus heavily on cut-rate gross sales promotion, niche positioning in the market and customer service with loyalty and retention in sales. Our promotions will unendingly stay in tune with our company objectives and mission statement. Sales Strategy Constructing our Sales Strategy we shall follow the following steps Sales Success Requires readying we shall formulate our sales str ategy and tactics to achieve our sales success.Analyze Our Potential we shall step through a structured process that will fixateus for the development of our sales strategy. Strategize Around Strengths the description of our sales activitywill be analyzed producing a report that reveals factors impacting our sales potential. Develop Our evasive action we shall receive guidance to develop a comprehensive tactical plan to achieve our success. Measures Our Success we shall constantly develop key measurements that mark the progress of pecuniary estimates that guide our growth.Employ an Action Plan for Success we shall provide our sales force a clear tactical plan that is also aligned with counsellings strategic objectives. The sales strategy of RABBIRRA mobile accessory center is simple. The key to customer satisfaction is having the product andservicesthat meet the customers needs. A crucial part of that is to also arouse knowledgeableemployees to help customers quickly find what they want. 1. 12 Marketing cipher RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory has a high quality products compare to our competitors.We have a skillful promotion is social networks other advertising business card to peoples, by allocating brochures, Billboards and other tools. Since those be that are used in our promotion are not too much apostrophizely because we develop by ourselves. In addition to this promotion in social networks in not costly it is free to post our products to advertise. Totally we for month marketing budget of birr 40 or annual budget of birr 480. Chapter two 2. Production 2. 1 Production Process The production process is a component appearing under the operating plan of the overall of our business plan.The production process is the process a product or service takes in order for it to become ready for customers to buy. In our business we have no production process since we are not going to produce production materials instead we are going to share the product as a centrali zed organ. To progresses our business the following things should be fulfilled. 1. Selecting the appropriate place to sale our products 2. Having enough money to do the business 3. Decide what customers available for our production 2. 2 Fixed Capital Fixed capital Building 11,400( each year in birr) EquipmentComputers 8,000 ? 1 =8,000 3 Shelves 2,000 x 3 =6,000 3 tables 500 x 3=1,500 4 chairs 4504=1,800 1 speaker 6501=650 2 adapters 602=120 2 calculators 902=180 Total laid addition 29,650 2. 3 Life of fixed capitalsThe life of the fixed building is undetermined because it is not owned by us. The life of computing devices, shelves, tables, speakers, chairs and adapters are more than 10 years because we can maintain computers, speakers and adapters when it fails and we patch chairs and tables when it breaks. The life of a shelf is more than 10 years because it is regularly used when we are putting materials. The annual derogation cost, assuming no scrap value, will therefore be 5 % of 11,400 (Building)Birr 570 10% of 18,250 (equipment) Birr 1,825 Annual depreciation cost Birr 2,395 . 4 aid and repairs Because of simplicity of equipment the worker of the shop can maintain and repair the things that needed to repair. When we say mobile accessory sales we can conclude that maintain and repair the mobile accessories, such as mobile cover, changing mobiles ice, screen protector and and so on 2. 5 Source of Equipment Source of our equipment are the super market, Production suppliers, and etc. 2. 6 Planed capacity The capacity to sale equipment should be greater than the existing one. Also attraction of customer should be better than the others. 0% of equipment should be sale per a day. 50% per a week and 90% per a month. 2. 7 Future capacity In the future we are going to increase customer by increasing the quality of our service more and more. After two year we will open the branch of our Business in appropriate place and we will open job opportunity for jobles s persons. 2. 8 Terms and conditions of purchase of Equipment There is no raw material we need since we are not producing by our self simply we get or purchase the equipment from the organization of the product. 2. 9 Factory location and layoutOur Mobile accessory Center will be located in one room which is used for selling room. The total size of the rooms will be on 15sq. ft. We does not use any other materials therefore there is no estimation of cost of raw materials and their availability. 2. 10 moil The manager by himself can participate in workings and manages other workers and equipment. And also supervise the entire of the work. 2. 11 Cost of labor The owner will pay will pay himself a wage of birr 1000 and his assistant will be paid birr 600 per month. The other labor get 200 birr and mediate labor Birr per month 5 Owner / manager 700 x5=3,500 Sweeper 200 x1=200 Total 3,700 Direct labor Birr per Month Worker 3501 = 350 Total labor cost 4,050 2. 12 Labor availability Work ers available all the time since there are more educated persons in Ethiopia.So we can get labor whenever we need. 2. 13 Labor productivity The wage for workers will paid on holly day depending on condition of market 2. 14 Factory overhead Expenses Factory overhead in our business consists of the following things Per Month Birr Indirect labor 3,700 Electricity and telephone 100 Transport of Materials 200 Total factory overhead 4,000 2. 15 Production cost 1.Direct labor Birr per month Worker 350 x1= 350 2. Factory overhead Expenses Birr per month Indirect labor 3,700 Electricity and telephone 100 Transport of Materials 200 Total factory overhead 4,000 Total production cost 4,350Chapter Three 3. Organizations and Management 3. 1 Form of Business The business will be registered under the name RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center as a sole proprietorship and owned by Mr. PeterosTona, RebumaYadasa, Shiferaw Tegen, SadikAwol and Siraj Ahmed . It will have its business address located at West showa in Gedo City. 3. 2 Organizational Structure The proprietors have their individual obligation and burdens in successively the business consecutively the business. General music director Mr. PetrosTona, Finance manager Mr.ShiferawTegen, Marketing and Purchasing Manager RebumaYadasa, Seller Mr. SadikAwol and Mr. Sirage Ahmed as main variance of work and when work loaded all members is work as Seller. Two part time will be hired for customers contact and reservation the needs of the regulars. When work load is happens all owners can cover each other tasks to minimize overload of the work. Fig 3. 1 Organizational Structure General Manager Mr. Petros Tona Marketing and purchasing Manager Mr. Rebuma Yadasa Finance manager Mr. Shifera Tegen Seller Mr. SadikAwol and Siraj Ahmed Worker (To be hired) 3. Business experience and qualifications of the entrepreneur Most of the proprietors do not have a proper way business experience but our satisfaction we learn several thing about busin ess in two subjects. The primitive of this satisfaction is we learn entrepreneurship and small business management movement. In this course we have a good knowledge and confidence to work this business. The other course we take Economics, it related to business. All entrepreneurs will get BSC degree in computer science from Jimma University. They took varies major and common course during the 4 years program. approximately of the major courses are Calculus , discrete math, economics advanced programming, object oriented programming, fundamental of database system, Internet programming, advanced database system, computer graphics, data communication and computer network, wireless communication and mobile computing, artificial intelligence, distributed system, multimedia system, computer protective cover, formal language theory, compiler design, complex theory, statistics and others. 3. 4 Pre- subroutine Activities We listed down the following activates to be started in the lead w e can activate our business 1.Process the steps needed for business 1 day 2. Preparing expressing the business plan 5 weeks 3. Applying for a loan and citation 3 weeks 4. Contact product suppliers 1 week 5. Employment labor 2 days 6. Purchasing product 4 days 7. Setting up the product 1 day We intended to start the operation approximately five months after our credit application, eight weeks after release our loan.Table 3. 1 Giant chart Pre-Operation Activities Time Table (in weeks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Registering the business Preparing the business plan Applying for a loan and approval Contact equipment suppliers Construction the factory Hiring labor Equipment purchasing RABBIRRA Mobile Accessory Center pre-operation activities 3. 5 Pre- Operation Expenses Our Pre-operation is that we have to decide the place properly to progresses our business.Pre-operating Expense birr Registration cost 200 Electricity 150 Transportation cost 100 Total Pre-operating expense450 3. 6 Office equipment We will just buy three inexpensive tables which are suitable for computers and four chairs, calculators and stabilizer. All this costs birr 18,250.The periodic and annually depreciation for this equipment will be birr 22and 1,825 respectively. 3. 7 Administrative Expense The entrepreneur wants to keep our cost low in order to be competitive. Our monthly administrative expense consists of Birr Treasure allowance (wife) 290 Depreciation of office equipment 22 Supplies and communication 30 Electricity 200 Total 542 Chapter Four 4 Financial Plan 4. 1 Project cost 4. 1. 1 Fixed assets Building 11,400(Annually in birr) Equipment18,250 Total fixed assets29,650 29,650 4. . 2 Pre-Operation Expense 450 4. 1. 3 works Capital Monthly purchasing price of each product= monthly amount of each product x purchasing price of each product Annually purchasing price of each product= monthly amount of each product x purchasing price of each product x 12 Products Monthly amount Purchasing price(birr) per month Annually amount Purchasing price(birr) per year Battery 100 7,345 1200 88,140 Charger 90 2,205 1080 26,460 Memory 110 7,227 1320 86,724 Screen protector 50 2,190 600 26,280 Case 55 935 660 11,220 Cover 95 2,042. 50 1140 24,510Adapter 75 1,395 900 16,740 Earphone 98 2,254 1176 27,048 Headset 80 6,832 960 81,984 Cable 60 2,142 720 25,704 Modem 45 2,414. 25 240 28,971 Audio accessory 48 4,416 576 52,992 Total 906 41,397. 75 10,872 496,773 The cost of one month of Purchasing product 41,397. 75 Values of each needed for operation. This will be The cost of one month of labor and overhead 8,050 Total working capital49,447. 75 49,447. 75 Total capital want 79,547. 75 4. 2 Financing plan and loan RequirementInitially individually we collect 8,500 birr for each of us which results 42,500 birr covering the cost of building, equipment, labor, factory overhead and pre-operating expense. A loan will be required for the purchasing of product. Particulars Owners fair-mindedness Loan Total Fixed Capitals (in birr ) Building 11,400 - 11,400 Equipment 18,250 - 18,250 Pre-operation expense 450 - 450 Working capital 12,400 37,047. 75 49,447. 75 Total 42,500 37,047. 75 79,547. 75 Percent 53. 43 % 46. 57% 100% 4. 3 security for loan All of owners have a land which is valued at birr 50,000.This land is pledge as security against the loan. 4. 4 Profit and bolshy statement Birr Sales of 10,872 products with form table of year one sale 573,188 Less The cost of one month of Purchasing product x 12 496,773 Labor birr 350 ? 12 4,200 Overhead birr 4000 ? 12 48,000 548,973 GROSS PROFIT 24,215 Less Marketing and administration cost birr 40 ? 12 +54212=480+6504 6,984 OPERATING PROFIT17,231Less interest expense 3,705 NET PROFIT BEFORE TAX13,526 For the next three years, the projected income statement appear below Projected income statement (birr) Year 1 2 3 Sales target 10872 12171 13631 Capacity 76% 88% 100% Sales 573188 640632 719486 Less Labor 4200 4200 4200 Overhead 48000 48000 48000 Manufacturing 52,200 52200 52,200 Gross Profit 24,215 91,659 170,513 Less Mktg&Adm cost 6,984 6,984 6,984 win Profit Before interest and tax 17,231 84,675 163,529 Less Interest 3,705 2,470 1,235Net meshing before tax 13,526 82,205 162,294 Accumulative Profit 13,526 95,731 258,025 4. 5 Cash flow statement Projected cash flow statements (Birr) Particulars Pre-operation period Year 1 2 3 Cash Inflow Equity 42,500 - - - Borrowing 37,047 - - - Cash sales * 573,188 640,632 719,486 Total Cash Inflow 79,547 573,188 640,632 719,486 Cash Outflow Pre-operation expense 450 - - - Purchase of fixed asset 29,650 - - - Purchasing product 496,773 556,385 623,151 Direct Labor - 4,200 4,200 4,200Factory/operation Overheads ** - 48,000 48,000 48,000 Market expenses - 480 480 480 Administrative expense ** - 6,504 6,504 6,504 Interest expense - 3,705 2,470 1,235 Loan amortization - 12,349 12,349 12,349 Total cash outflow 30,100 572,011 630,388 695,919 Net cash Inflow(outflow) 49,447 1,177 10,244 23,567 Cash Balance Beginning - 49,447 48,270 58,514 Cash Balancing Ending 49,447 48,270 58,514 82,081 4. 6 Balance sheet Projected balanced sheet particular Pre-operating period Year 1 2 3 Assets Current asset Cash 49,447 48,270 58,514 82,081 Total current assets 49,447 48,270 58,514 82,081 Fixed assets Building 11,400 11,400 11,400 11,400 Equipment 18,250 18,250 18,250 18,250 Net fixed assets 29,650 29,650 29,650 29,650 Total fixed assets Other assets Pre-operation expenses 450 Total assets 79,547 79,547 79,547 79,547 Liabilities Current liabilities Loans payable - 12,349 12,349 12,349 Total current liabilities 12,349 12,349 12,349 Long term liabilities Loan payable 37,047 24,698 12,349 -Total long term liabilities 37,047 24,698 12,349 - Owners equity Capital beginning 42,500 42,500 42,500 42,500 Accumulated capital - 42,500 42,500 42,500 Add net profit after tax 13,526 82,205 162,294 Total owners equity 56,026 Total liabilities and equity 79,547 79,547 79,547 79,547 4. 7 Loan Repayment document The loan of birr will be paid over a 3 year period. The repayment schedule is as follows Year Amount principal outstanding of installment due at 10% Interest amount Total 1 37,047 12,349 3,705 16,054 2 24,698 12,349 2,470 14,819 12,349 12,349 1,235 13,584 4. 8 Break even Point (BEP) The brake even point can be calculated as follows Birr Annual sales 573,188 -Annual Fixed cost Owners salary birr 5 ? 700= 3500 /month 42,000 Annual interest 3705 Annual factory depreciation ,395 Other overheads 300/month 3,600 Marketing and administrative cost 6,984 58,684 Annual Variable Costs Direct labor 350/month 4,200 Purchasing product 496,773 500,973Annual Sales ? Annual Fixed Cost = BEP (Annual Sales) Annual sales annual variable Costs 573,188 x 58, 684 ______________________________________________________ __ 573,188 -500,973 =465,789 BEP (Annual production) 465,789 BEP percentage Annual fixed cost x 100 _______________________________________ Annual sale annual variable cost =BEP (percentage) 58,684 x 100 _________________ 573,188- 500,973 = 81. 26% BEP in annual sales = BEP% x annual sales 81. 26 x 573,188 =465,789 4. 9 Return on investing (ROI) The ROI for this project is as follows Annual Net Profit 13,526 ____________________________ = ________________ x100 Total Capital Requirement 79,547 = 17% ROI is therefore, 17%The return on owners investment (RIO) is Annual Net Profit 13,526 ____________________________ = __________ x 100 Owners investment 42,500 =31. 83% RIO is, therefore, 31. 83%.

Earning a College Degree Essay

Earning a college degree has continuously been a very important intention of mine. My children are getting older and in a few short years will start looking into college themselves. It became more important for me now than of all time to make my dream, my goal, a reality. There were many factors that came into play when I decided that this was the right time in my life to return to school.Being a non-traditional student, cost, flexibility, and accreditation were among the nigh important factors for me when choosing an online university. As my research into finding the right university continued, I found that Western Governors University had much more to offer their students than just an education.The financial aspect of returning to school was probably my biggest concern. I wishinged to earn a degree, but didnt want to be left with a hefty student loan payment at the end. Many of the online Universitys that I looked into were for profit schools. Being inexperienced and new to this research I didnt realize that there was such thing as a non for profit online University until I stumbled upon WGU. With affordable tuition, I knew that my dream could soon become reality. My children and husband are my number one priorities. They always have been, always will be.My time spent with them is precious and something that I would non give up for anything. The flexibility in classes and coursework that WGU offers has given me the perfect equilibrate to be both a mother and a student. Since WGU is a competency based school, this allows me to spend less time on the material that I already know and concentrate more on the subjects that I am not as familiar with.Accreditation was another important factor for me. I didnt want to spend the next 3 to 4 years going to school, spending countless hours reading and studying, only to find out that future employers would not maneuver my degree seriously. Finding out that WGU is highly respected among businesses made my decisi on that much easier. There have been a few unexpected surprises along my transit thus far, with WellConnect being one of them. I never realized how much an online university could care about the health and wellbeing of their students.WGU also has some great mentors who not only offer encouragement, but push you to do the best and be the best that you can be. From my first inquiry of Western Governors University to now, I can declare that, without a doubt, I made the right decision. I have finally found an online university who is just as committed to my success as I am.I would encourage anyone thinking aboutreturning to school as a non-traditional student to look no further than Western Governors University. With their low-cost tuition, flexibility, and accreditation to their amazing and care mentors and their competency based program, WGU is definitely a perfect fit.

Computer Use in Early Childhood Education Essay

Abstract The importance of the baby birds using in too soon years of command has reached the st eon where it becomes critical that learning weapons platformmes becomes a global issue. Understanding changes and undertaking practice is fundamental in learner learning. The aspiration of this term is to increase our perception on the several(predicate) effects of using computer applied science in advance(prenominal) childhood setting. In answering the question What is the purpose of raising?I started at that time from the observation that man lives in a homo of objects which influence him and which he wishes to influence, and so he must fill in these objects in their characteristics, their essence and their relation to one another and to mankind. Friedrich Froebel Keywords Early childishness, Computer, applied science learning, Curriculum Introduction Throughout educational history, world philosophers mother wrestled with understanding the multitudinous of questi ons and problems surrounding the education of societys children.Historic anyy, numerous earlyish childhood educators supported the idea that children should be trained as soon as affirmable to become productive members of the larger society so that the cultural heritage of the society could be preserved from generation to generation this cultural imposition guess has been prevalent doneout the educational history of the world (Staff, 1998. Early Years of Education Early childishness Education is the term commonly manipulationd to imbibe the formal teaching and c atomic number 18 of recent children by people other than their family or in settings outside of the home.The instructional definition of early childhood education spans the human life from birth to age eight. However, typically early childhood education covers the period from birth to when a child starts school and this abide be as early as five years of age as in brand- current Zealand. This time period is widel y considered the most vulnerable and life-and-death stage of a persons life. The early years of childhood are receiving increased public attention around the world.Issues on providing quality emolument and ensuring a good foundation for lifelong learning is generating a new interest in the academic community by adapting different theoretical perspective, command and philosophy. There are several key components to understanding how young children learn, and therefore how they need to be taught. In bran-new Zealand, the process of creating the early childhood political platform was inspired by the evidence of not only a bi cultural society but a multi cultural and multi racial society. CurriculumCurriculum is defined in Te Wha?riki as the sum total of the experiences, activities and events, whether direct or indirect, which occur within an environment designed to foster childrens learning and phylogenesis (Ministry of Education, 1996, p. 10 cited in Nutall, 2003). This definiti on of curriculum as e precisething that happens is acknowledged in the curriculum theory literature (e. g. Cornbleth, 1990 cited in Nutall, 2003) and it is a description that resonates with the holistic, child-centred philosophy of early childhood education in New Zealand. The central expectation of Te Wha?riki is that early childhood centres and services will articulate their curriculum in a conscious, culturally situated room. (Nutall, 2003). The implementation of Te Wha? riki, which was inspired by The Socio Cultural Constructivism principle of Vygotzsky, introduced the early childhood teachers in New Zealand to the most recent curriculum tradition. wiz of the reasons socio-cultural approaches resonate with teachers in childcare centres is the way in which children are understood to be learning with their experiences in the centre, including routine happenings such as chance and mealtimes.(Nutall, 2003) Within this pedagogy, both the teachers and students are understood to be engaged in a process of actively constructing knowledge, through their interactions with time, space, objects and people. Children learn through collaboration with adults and peers, through guided participation and observation of others, as well as through individual exploration and reflection. There are five different developmental domains of children which all relate to each other.They are easily referred to as the SPICE of life Social Refers mostly to the ability to form attachments, play with others, co-operation and sharing, and being able to nominate lasting relationships with others. Physical festering of Fine (small) and Gross (large) Motor Skills. Intellectual The process of making sense of the world around them. Creative The development of particular(prenominal) abilities creating talents. Music, Art, Writing, Reading, and Singing are all ways for creative development to take place.Emotional Development of self-awareness, self-confidence, and coping with feelings as well as understanding them. http//www. teachingexpertise. com/articles/computers-and-early-years-1124 correspond to Yelland (1999), Educators beliefs such as Montessori, Isaacs, Froebel, and Steiner, has led to early childhood programs that are characterized by their adherence to such traditional principles, manifested in unstructured environments, informal contexts, and learning through active exploration and play.Indeed, early pioneers such as Montessori advocated relatively structured learning opportunities, whereas Froebels views supported a less formal structure. However, both Froebel and Montessori escortmed to obtain that children learned most effectively from self-directed activities that gave them a high level of empowerment and ownership. Technology Education Technology education all over the world is evolving dramatically in a very fast phase as international academic institutions explore the implication of their present status and the rate they are progressing as c ompared to other developed countries.It is quite safe to say that, it is the brewing competition over the magnitude of the technology education, which comprises the curriculum that is be advance the main accelerator to these rapid changes. This notion could set the trend on how Early Childhood Curriculum should be designed and be implemented. What should be the content of this curriculum to cooperate the children be prepared for technology education? Is the integration of technological tools beneficial to the learning outcomes of the students?Are computers developmentally appropriate to early childhood students?. Introduction of these devices and in nigh cases integration of the use of the technology in the existing curriculum has been a massive ground for global arguments. What brought this massive revolution to this days education is coherent to how fast the world is changing. Change is inevitable and sometimes predictable as it may seem, most of us will still be caught unaware and mislaid. As members of the community everyone takes part in the development of tomorrows citizens.The early childhood sector has been heavily influenced by particular views of child development and how children learn. Such views are often based on developmental psychology and seek to develop practices that are developmentally appropriate (Hirsh, 2004, cited in Zevenbergen & Logan , 2008) The designer believed that whether traditional or technology education, students experiences, favorable influence, and development are the main considerations on the part of the educators/teachers approach in delivering knowledge and evaluating learning outcomes.There have been several studies and articles (Cordes & Miller, 2000 Haugland, 2000 Plotz, 2007) on arguments nigh the content of technology in early childhood, or the appropriate age to denounce children to computers. Regardless what the parents thoughts are, whether or not they ask to expose their children to computers, eventually they will be introduced to technology when they enter school. To this day it is still uncertain on whether or not extensive use of computers for young people could be detrimental to their being, somaticly, socially and intellectually to say the least.What is certain is that technology is at hand and here to stay. Computers are increasingly present in early childhood education settings. Toward the end of the 1980s, only one-fourth of licensed pre schools had computers. Today almost every preschool has a computer, with the ratio of computers to students changing from 1 one hundred twenty-five in 1984 to 122 in 1990 to 110 in 1997. This last ratio matches the minimum ratio that is favourable to social interaction (Clements and Nastasi 1993 Coley et al. 1997).In the event that the use of this technology could be measured in education settings, what are we to assume or expect in the different household settings. No one knows the exact number of computers in each and every particular ho usehold. Are Computers Developmentally Appropriate? There are many researchers, organizations, and other programs that descry the benefits of using computers with young children. One major supporter of children and technology is the National Association for the Education of upstart Children (NAEYC).They created a lengthy position statement on Technology and Young children that states, The potential benefits of technology for young childrens learning and development are well documented (1996). Susan Haugland, a professor of child development and president of K. I. D. S. & Computers, Inc. , has done research and recently published an article about the benefits of technology called, Computers and Young Children. In this article, Susan states that an appropriate age to introduce children to computers is at age 3.She overly goes on to state that, children 3 and 4 years of age are developmentally ready to explore computers, and most early childhood educators see the computer centre a s a valuable activity centre for learning. Children this age are developmentally within Piagets preoperational stage. This means they are cover learners who are very interested in using newly learned symbolic representation speaking, writing, drawing (including maps and geometric figures) and using numbers. Children this age are extremely active and mobile.They often have difficulty sitting still they need frequent changes in learning modalities and they want a variety of physical experiences involving dance, physical play, climbing and sports. Pre operational children are also are continuing their mastery of language, and exploring various facets of social behavior. Another large organization that supports technology in early childhood education is NETC (Northwest Educational Technology Consortium). They created a resource website for educators and providers called, Early Connections Technology in Early Childhood Education.This website offers information on how to implement tech nology into child care centres, preschools, kindergarten, primary grades, and in before/ after school programs. They also offer suggestions on schoolroom ar hustlement, software selection, health & safety, hardware, and other resources. However, I think the most valuable information they offer is how technology is linked to learning and the curriculum. They state that one of the main benefits of computer use is because it enhances the five development domains social and emotional, language, motor, and cognitive skills (Early Connections, Learning and Development, n.d. ).Clearly many of these developmental necessarily match up well with appropriate use of technology in the classroom, oddly exploration, manipulation of symbolic representation, matching alternative learning styles, and quickly changing learning modalities that individual students can control and pace to meet their individual needs. It is also a very powerful tool for students with specific learning disabilities (War dle,1999). If the goal for a certain age child is to learn to write in the flesh(predicate) journals, and then the computer can naturally support that through writing software, digital cameras, and other methods.A science goal that requires learning the solar system can be augmented by using specific CD ROMS and accessing web sites. Similarly, studying extinct and endangered animals becomes more real and educational through the use of specific software and web sites. Lee and ORourke (2006), reported an Australian project on ICT use in Early Childhood setting, they discussed that teachers experimented with a range of activities and, in keeping with Piagetian perspectives of early development and learning, attempted to connect concrete experiences with those experiences children accessed on the computer.An example of this is the work done in one early childhood centre with the software Millies Math House Build-A-Bug. The children created a critter on the software and then recreated it in 3D using playdough, matchsticks and other collage materials. Making a connection between the image and the object was a powerful tool for engaging reluctant learners and the teacher was encouraged by the student response to the experience.Another example of this type of experience was developed by a teacher in a rural pre-school centre who used the program Sammys Science House Workshop to design, make and appraise a toy or machine. The children were invited to design a machine using the software and to guide what its function was. The teacher suggested that some children might like to build the machine out of materials of their choice. The use of computers in a fully integrated classroom is endless. software product can be used to assist not only the learners but the teachers as well in so many ways.Although research has proven many beneficial reasons to include technology in early childhood programs, there are many who believe that computers are not appropriate and could hav e abusive effects on young children. Jane Healy, an educational psychologist, wrote a book called, Failure to Connect How Computers Affect Our Childrens Minds- for Better and Worse (1998), in the book she states that children should be 7 before introducing them to computers due to the harmful effects of computer use on their development.Her view is one that is shared with another large organization, The fusion for Childhood. The Alliance for Childhood published a large report, Fools Gold A Critical Look at Computers in Childhood, which claims computers can have negatively charged consequences for children under age 7 in terms of their health, social relationships, and intellectual development (Cordes & Miller, 2000, pg. 3). In this report they stated that, Computers in childhood may expose children to the risk of a broad range of developmental setbacks (Cordes & Miller, 2000, pg.3).A wide array of experts release a statement about the ways computers are reshaping childrens lives, at home and at school, in profound and unexpected ways. They stress that the use of technology is a distraction from the urgent social and educational needs of the low income children. And concludes with the following statement, Those who place their faith in technology to solve the problems of education should look more deeply into the needs of children.The renewal of education requires person-to-person attention to students from good teachers and active parents, strongly supported by their communities. It requires commitment to developmentally appropriate education and attention to the full range of childrens real, low-tech needs physical, emotional, and social, as well as cognitive (The Alliance for Childhood, 2000. ) While both views provide compelling arguments, one can not avoid the provable fact that technology will continue to evolve and will become a more significant part of the daily life.Use of technology in the early childhood program must not be a goal unto itself t he purpose is not to teach children how to use computers they can do this as they get older, just as they can learn to drive a car later in their lives (Wardle, 1999). Appropriate use of technology in the classroom is to expand, enrich, implement, individualize, differentiate, and extend the overall curriculum. Computers are not to replace physical play, outdoor exploration of the community and of nature art, music and dance learning specific social skills and moral values, and experiencing diversity in a myriad of ways.Common sense suggests that we consider the potential harm, as well as the promised benefits, of this change and not excite forward with computer usage in childhood. As an educator we always want the best learning outcome for our students, and to extensively use whatever practical ways to achieve this goal. The only true education comes through the stimulation of the childs powers by the demands of the social military positions in which he finds himself. (James, 20 05) Teachers Perception on the use of Computer Technology inside the classroom.One more compelling issue as regards to the use of technology in early years of education is the preparedness of the early childhood teachers in the use of technology inside their classrooms. Hsiac (2003) stated that the most great aspect of good early childhood program is its teacher, as classrooms practices are influenced by teachers beliefs. May (1997, 2000) has traced this rich heritage of multiple ideological, theoretical and pragmatic influences, showing how each successive trend has challenged early childhood teachers to re-examine their practice.(Cited in Nutall, 2003) Fact is not all early childhood teachers embraces the idea of technology education, some of them are faced with ethical dilemma in the use of information technology, (Myers & Miller 1996). According to Morrison (2007) there are, three challenges confronting early childhood teachers when implementing effective programs using technol ogy in their instruction 1. ) Their own personal acceptance of technology, 2. ) Confidence that technology has a positive influence on children, and 3. ) Decisions about how to use technology in early childhood programs and classrooms (pg.383).Its important for teachers to accept technology and learn how to use it effectively. (cited in Plotz, 2007). Nutalls (2003) research suggests to explore some provisions of frequent opportunities for teachers to make explicit their knowledge and assumptions about their role. As well as ideas about how children learn through the various aspects of their daily life. Furthermore, such research must take into account the way in which teachers in early childhood constantly teach each other about the deeply inter subjective and interpretive task of working with very young children.Aside from personal struggle there were also some issues being raised in accordance with the role of early childhood teachers in technology education. Gibbons (2006) mentio n some tensions between the early childhood educators and the government sector which in becoming a challenge for teachers and in one way or another becomes one of the reason for the derail of the their readiness and compliance of the task. Teachers as well as student possessed certain individuality the pull that teachers should adjust to their students ability, will not be the same as students will adjust to their teachers ability.As teachers we are given the higher province of being, according to Vygotzsky, the more knowledgeable other. Complex as it may be or to others simple as it may seem, early childhood teachers should take a step ahead to deliver this overwhelming educational demand. Its important for teachers to accept technology and learn how to use it effectively. Morrison (2007) offers these guidelines for educators (pg. 384) Educate yourself on the potential benefits of computers and technology.Be willing to try new ways of using technology to help your children learn new knowledge and skills. Collaborate with colleagues in your school and school territorial dominion to explore ways to use technology. Collaborate with parents and community members, many of whom have skills that you can use and apply. It is also important for teachers to have a positive emplacement toward technology to create an appropriate classroom environment. Children will have a difficult time embracing technology if their teacher doesnt approach the situation with a positive outlook.Summary and Conclusion Endless as it may seem, the ongoing issue of teaching and Communication Technology in Early Childhood Education is giving the community of education a more clear and vivid guidelines on the process of creating, conceptualising and implementing policies and standards suitable to each and every environment. Immense concerns coming from diversity of culture and practice takes place. Analysing the impact of using technology in early childhood classrooms have established a v ariety of implications on different members of the academic community.Teachers, students, policy makers, writers and researchers, centre, and of course the ministry have presented diverse opinions and views on different aspects over this highly arguable issue. Because of the ongoing conflict of interests, the government of New Zealand particularly the Ministry of Education have gone through a major curriculum reforms leading to the development of a national technology curriculum. Technology in the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education 1995) became mandatory for all schools in February 1999.The development of the national technology education policy and the way in which the curriculum was developed, was described in an article by Jones(2003). This curriculum area will be compulsory for all students from years 110. Aside from Jones (2003), the evidence of issue concerning the integration of info Technology in Early Childhood Education curriculum is becoming countless Gibbons (2006), Compton & Hardwood (2005), Zebenbergen & Logan (2008), Walters & Fehring (2009), Mawson (2007) to cite a few, and of course publications from the Ministry of Education (1993), (1995) and (1996) is as substantial.Recent development in Early Childhood Education offers exciting opportunities for exploration on how these technological tools will continue to improve childrens learning development and provides new stage to discover different aspects of teachers role. The challenge for parents and educators is to maintain a balance on the possible huge and massive effect of this ongoing evolution in technology education. * draft journal article for International Journal for Early Years References Clements, D. H. , and Nastasi, B. K. (1992). Computers and early childhood education.In Advances in school psychology Preschool and early childhood treatment directions, eds. M. Gettinger, S. N. Elliot and T. R. Kratochwill, 187246. Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Clements, D. H. & Nastasi, B. K. (1993). Electronic media and early childhood education. In Handbook of research on the education of young children, ed. B. Spodek, 251275. New York Cordes, C. & Miller, E. (2000). Fools Gold A Critical Look at Computers in Childhood Alliance for Childhood. Retrieved April 2, 2011, http//www. allianceforchildhood. net/Compton , V. & Hartwood,C. (2005) Progression in Technology Education in New Zealand Components of Practice as a Way Forward, International Journal of Technology and Design Education Genishi, C. , McCollum, P. , and Strand, E. B. (1985). Research currents The interactional richness of childrens computer use. spoken communication Arts, 62(5) 526532. Gibbons, A. N. , (2006) The politics of technology in early childhood in Aotearoa/New Zealand Fitting early childhood educators in the ICT grid, Australian Journal of Early Childhood 31. No. 4 Haugland, S. (2000).Computers and Young Children. ERIC Digest. Retrieved April 2, 2007 from http//ceep. crc. uiuc . edu/ Hsiac, W. (2003), Comparison of Montessori and Non Montessori Teachers beliefs about Developmentally appropriate practice in pre school, Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley James, 2005 retrieved from http//www. wilderdom. com/experiential/JohnDeweyQuotes. html Jones, A. 2003, The Development of a National Curriculum in Technology for New Zealand, International Journal of Technology and Design Education 13, 8399 Lee, L.& ORourke,M. (2006) Information and Communication TechnologiesTransforming views in literacies in early childhood setting, Early years, Vol 26,p 49-62 Marrison B. (2007), Factors affecting learning in technology in the early years, at school, Intl Journal of Technology and Design Education May, H. (1997) The Discovery of Early Childhood the development of services for the care and education of veryyoung children, mid eighteenth century Europe to mid ordinal century New Zealand (Auckland, Auckland University Press/Bridget Williams Books/NZCER). May, H.(2000) Politics in the Playground the world of early childhood in postwar New Zealand Wellington, Bridget Williams Books/NZCER). Ministry of Education, (1996)Te Wha? riki. He Wha? riki Ma? tauranga mo? nga? Mokopuna o Aotearoa early childhood curriculum (Wellington, Learning Media). Ministry of Education ,(1998) Quality in Action. Te Mahi Whai Hua implementing the Revised Statement of Desirable Objectives and Practices in New Zealand early childhood services (Wellington, Learning Media) Ministry of Education, (1993b), Technology in the New Zealand Curriculum (Draft),( Learning Media, Wellington).Ministry of Education (1995), Technology in the New Zealand Curriculum, (Learning Media Wellington). Ministry of Education, (2005) Foundations for Discovery) p. 17 Ministry of Education, (2000) The Quality Journey. He Haerenga Whai Hua improving in Early childhood services (Wellington, Learning Media) Ministry of Education, (2002), Pathways to the Future Nga? Hu arahi Arataki a 10-year strategic plan for early childhood education (Wellington, Ministry of Education). Muller, A. A. , and Perlmutter, M. 1985. Preschool childrens problem -solving interactions at computers and jigsaw puzzles.Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 6 173186. National Association of the Education of Young Children. (April 1996). Technology and Young Children- Ages 3 through 8. National Association for the Education of Young Children. Retrieved April 2, 2007 from http//www. naeyc. org/about/positions/pdf/PSTECH98. PDF Nutall, J. (2003), Influences on the Co-construction of the Teacher Role in Early Childhood Curriculum some examples from a New Zealand childcare centre, International Journal of Early Years Education, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2003 pp24-39.Papert, S. ,(1980). Teaching children thinking Teaching children to be mathematicians vs. teaching about mathematics. In The computer in the school Tutor, tool, tutee, ed. Plotz, K. , (2007), Integrating Technology into Early Childhood Classroom, Retrieved August 2010 from http//education. csm. edu/students/kplotz/position_paper. htm Staff, 1998, retrieved from http//froebelweb. tripod. com/web2002. html The Alliance for Childhood 2000) retrieved May 2011 (http//drupal6. allianceforchildhood. org/computer_position_statement) Wardle, F.1999. Retrieved May 2011 http//www. earlychildhoodnews. com/ Walters , M & Fehring H. , (2008) An investigating of the incorporation of Information and Communication Technology and thinking skills with Year 1 and 2 students, Australian Australian Journal of Early Childhood Journal of phraseology and Literacy Vol 32, No. 3pp 258-272 Weir, S. , Russell, S. J. , and Valente, J. A. (1982). Logo An approach to educating disabled children BYTE, 7 342360. Wyett, J. (1999), John Dewey and Earl Kelly Giants in Democratic Education, Education Vol.119, No. 1, pg 151-174 Yelland, N, (1999), Technology as Play, Early Childhood Education Journal, Vol. 26, No. 4 Zevenbergen R. & Logan, H. (2008) Computer Use by Preschool children. Rethinking Practice as digital natives come to preschool. , Vol 33, No. 1 Friedrich Froebel, retrieved April 2011 /froebelweb. tripod. com/web2002. htm http//applestar. org/capella/Educational%20Philosophers. pdf http//www. educate. ece. govt. nz/ http//www. simplypsychology. pwp. blueyonder. co. uk/vygotsky. html.

The Curse of the Sacred Fruit

In the send-off of clock beat a serpent slithered through a garden as he nonices a easy nude woman walking alone. The serpent comes up behind her and tells the beautiful woman of the apple from a sacred tree that depart make her as all knowing and powerful as god. Although god had told this woman to never eat from this sacred tree, she was convinced by the evil snake. After convincing her male companion they both eat the sacred apple and immediately are awaken as their eyes open wide. That very instant they, for the first cadence in human history, become aware of their physical egotism the birth of self hatred of the human form had emerged.Soon after God exiled cristal and Eve from the Garden of promised land and dammed their ancestors. Today a young girl stands in front of a mirror disgusted by what is been reflected upon her. This girls struggle against the disorder her primordial ancestor had given her is depicted in Eavan Bolands poem Anorexia. As Boland begins her ow n demise she is envisioned with the beginning of time where man had not yet fallen and self awareness had not been created a vision that ordain consume her to do whatever it takes to go back to Eden.As the talker stares at the mirror she is consumed with negative thoughts in her mind. She begins to believe her flesh is heretic(line 1) as her body is rejecting her ideal thought of what she wants it to be. Her flesh begins to play tricks on her as it Meshed her head / in the half-truths(7-8). Her flesh becomes a mesmerise(2) using tricks to control the girl from not eating. To cure this manipulative disease she is to destroy her exterior. In the following lines the speaker becomes much more explicit in how she is to cure herselfI am burning it Yes I am torching Her curves and peps and wiles They scratch in my self denial Here it shows how she is starving herself by burning away whatever fat remains from her fragile bones that are protruding from her skin as she now becomes starved a nd curveless(16). Boland begins a slow and painful suicide to bring an end to her disease. Boland falls sleep and enters a vivid dark dream which reveals to her the beginning of her disease. In this vibrant dream she in trapped inside a place she describes as a claustrophobia(22).In this sensuous enclosure(23) she hears the warm gussy up(25) beat of a mans heart and the song of his breath(26). Sleeping in his side(27) she is a rib(19). Boland has regressed back to the beginning of time before the sins of Eve when she was only one rib of Adam. In this dream she discovers what she needs to do to get ride of her disease. She wants to return back inside the womb of Adam. To return to Eden were life was blessed with no self-awareness, and no anorexia. She hopes to erase Eves mistake of the past and not eat the scared fruit.She will finally be able to live a life without self awareness and end the struggle that has consumed herself against her own flesh. Boland will finally grow / angu lar and holy(35-36) again. After she is awakened she is obsessed with returning back to Adam and the Garden of Eden to finally be filled with bliss. Returning to Eden will make me forget(40), forget the fall(42) she proclaimed. She will forget the fall of mankind and the creation of the disease that has destroyed her from within.She wants to also forget the hell of what is anorexia as she goes into forked dark / into the python needs(43-44). Sadly the only way she can possibly reach the gates of Eden would be through suicide which she has already begun. Only a little more(28) she says, only a few more days(29) until she is dead and can be back into him again(32). It is occult what happens to the girl next, all we are certain off is that the disease of anorexia had beaten her to nearing or even committing suicide. The witch was able to trick her to figuratively burn herself living in agony and pain.In the mist of all this, her lack of nutrition caused her to hallucinate of the begi nning of time when Humanity was only one being, a time when there was no self awareness and no anorexia, a time when man had not yet fallen. This vision that continues to consume her was merely an illusion from the witch and the serpent. All it was was a mere trick to convince her to committee suicide and break gods major law. Killing herself to return back to Eden will come to no prevail as suicide will only lead her to an eternity in the depths of hell with the serpent, an eternity of living with anorexia.

Jungian archetypes in today’s global society Essay

This undertake presents Jungian archetypes derived from the theoretical formulations of Carl Gustav Jung aimed at understanding their impacts in todays global society. This essay also presents a list of idiosyncratics noted for their contributions for changing the image of the world tot all toldy different from those of the Medieval Periods and from these thoughts one can call up the prospects of the future.This essay concludes with the citation of some present-day someonealities, technologies, and significant events as objects of Jungs archetypes. Jungs possibility of personality has trem fireous influence on sociologythe science of society, hearty institutions, and social relationships or specifically the systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings (Merriam-Webster 2004).In order to appreciate the impact of the personality theory of Jung in sociological settings, it is necessary to honor key compone nts of the theoretical constructs fore just about of which is the collective unconsciousin which Jungian archetypes reside. The Ego is the conscious mindit is the seat of perceptions, memories, thoughts, and feelings from the sales booth of an individual person it is regarded as the center of consciousness, lay aside dorm & Lindsey (118).The Personal Unconscious is the region adjoining the ego consists of takes that were once conscious but which nurture been repressed, suppressed, forgotten, or ignored (118). Under the Personal Unconscious are various complexesthe organized group or constellation of feelings, thoughts, perceptions, and memories that have mental life of their take in and have the capacity to seize the personality and to utilize for its end, like Napoleons lust for power (118).The Collective Unconsciousconsidered as the storehouse of possible memory traces inherited from ones ancestral past, a past that includes not only the racial history of globe as a co llapse species but their prehuman or wight ancestry as well It is the psychic residue of human evolutionary development, a residue that accumulates as a minute of repeated experiences over m either generations. If we man today are afraid, for example, of the dark or of snakes, it is because our primitive parents encountered many dangers in the dark and were victims of poisonous snakes, write Hall and Lindzey (118).And what a person learns is substantially influenced by the collective unconscious that exercises a guiding or selective influence over the behavior of the person from the really beginning of life. Furthermore, the two unconscious regions of the mind, the personal and the collective, can be of immense service to humans the unconscious holds possibilities which are locked away from the conscious mind, for it has its disposal all subliminal contents, all those things which have been forgotten or overlooked, as well as the wisdom and experience of uncounted centuries, which are laid down in its archetypal organs (119-120).The structural components of the collective unconscious are called by various names archetypes primordial images mythological images, and behavior patterns quotes Hall and Lindzey of Jung (1943). An archetype is a universal thought (idea) form that contains a large element of emotion (Hall and Lindzey 120). An example is the mother archetypean image or a perception of an individual recognized by an infant irregardless of race anywhere in the world. How can this happen? It is a permanent deposit in the mind of an experience that has been constantly repeated for many generations. (Hall and Lindzey 121). Another example is an image of the sun which has been seen by all inhabitants of the world (except the blinds) rose in the east and set on the west horizonsso that certain concepts and images of a supreme deity are off-shoots of the sun archetype (121). In a similar manner, humans have been expose through their existence to in numerable instances of great natural forcesearthquakes, waterfalls, floods, hurricanes, lightning, forest fires Out of these experiences there has developed an archetype of energy (121).On the other hand, two or more archetypes sometimes fuse together so that one can see the person of a Hitler as a form of fused archetypes of deuce and hero so that one gets a satanic leader. Furthermore, myths, dreams, visions, rituals, neurotic and psychotic symptoms, and works of art contain a great deal of archetypal material, and live the best source of knowledge regarding archetypes, write Hall and Lindzey (122-123).Jung identified four key archetypes in his personality theorythey are briefly described here, viz. The Personais a mask adopted by the person in response to the demands of social convention and tradition and to his or her own inner archetypal needs, quote Hall and Lindzey of Jung (1945). This persona is the role assigned to one by society, the part that society expects one to play in life. The purpose of the mask is to manipulate a definite impression upon others and it often conceals the real nature of the person.The persona is the public personality contrasted with private personality that exists behind the social facade (Hall and Lindzey 122). The person archetype originates out of the experiences of the race in this case, the experiences consist of social interactions in which the assumption of a social role has served a useful purpose to humans throughout their history as social animals (122). The Anima and the Animusit is fairly well recognized and accepted that a human is a bisexual animal. On a physiological level, the male secretes some(prenominal) male and female sex hormones, as does the female.On the psychological level, masculine and feminine characteristics are found in both sexes. The feminine archetype in man is called the anima, the masculine archetype in char is called the animus, quote Hall and Lindzey of Jung (1945, 1954b). These archetypes are the products of the racial experiences of man with woman and woman with man by living with woman throughout the ages man has become feminized by living with man woman has become masculinized (122-123). The Shadow archetype consists of the animal instincts that humans inherited in their evolution from lower forms of life, cites Hall and Lindzey of Jung (1948a).Consequently, the shadow typifies the animal side of human nature. As an archetype, the shadow is responsible for our conception of pilot burner sin when it is projected outward it becomes the devil and an enemy. It is responsible for the appearance in consciousness and behavior of unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings and actions. These then may either be hidden from public view by the persona or repressed into the personal unconscious (Hall and Lindzey 123). The Self archetype expresses itself in various symbols, the chief one being the mandala or magic circle, writes Jung (1955a).The se lf according to Jung is the total unity of all the systems that make up the personality. The self holds these systems together and provides the personality with unity, equilibrium, and st tycoon. The self is lifes goal, a goal that people constantly strive for but rarely reach it motivates human behavior and causes one to wait for wholeness especially through the avenues provided by religion, and it is here where the figures of Christ and Buddha are as highly differentiated expressions of the self archetype as one bequeath find in the modern world, write Hall & Lindzey (124).The foregoing presented an overview of the key Jungian archetypes. Hall and Lindzey write that the most salient feature of Jungs theory of personality is the emphasis that he places upon the forward-going character of personality development that humans are constantly progressing or attempting to progress from a less complete stage of development to a more complete one and that mankind as a species is con stantly evolving more differentiated forms of existence (134). postpone 1 shows the Table of Contents of a special edition of the Readers Digest magazine capturing the significant contributions of popular and important persons the world has ever produced so far. from each one one of the persons mentioned walked in the alleys of human endeavors leaving a legacy that benefited many generations to come after theirs including todays generation. Table 1. Table of Contents of a Pocket Book on popular and important subjects. Adapt from Readers Digest (n. d. ) I. Giants of the World of ScienceCopernicus The man who moved the World (pp. 3-8) Galileo plain-spoken Discoverer (pp.9-14)Sir Isaac advancedton, Explorer of the Universe (pp. 15-20) The Evolution of Charles Darwin (pp. 21-28) Albert Einstein, the man, and the Theory (pp. 29-33). II. They Opened Our discernmentsSocrates A One- piece of music Turning Point in History (pp. 37-42) What Plato Says to Us (pp. 43-48) Aristotle Master Mi nd of 300 B. C. (pp. 49-52) Listen to Wisdom of Confucius (pp. 53-56) William James and the Adventure of Being Human (pp. 57-66) Emersons vital Message for Today (pp. 67-74). III. They Sought the True WayThe Man Called Jesus (pp. 77-82)Saint Paul Apostle to All Men (pp. 83-88) Islam the Misunderstood Religion (pp.89-98) Buddha, The Enlightened One (pp. 99-104). IV. They Fought for DemocracyThomas Jefferson, Architect of Democracy (pp. 107-112) The Prodigious Gifts of genus Benzoin Franklin (pp. 113-118) Woodrow Wilsons fight for Peace (pp. 119-124) We Must Never Deny Our Gratitude A Portrait of Winston Churchill (pp. 125-130). V. They Opened the DoorColumbus He Knew the World Was Round (pp. 133-140) due west With Lewis and Clark (pp. 141-148) And Then Came Ford (pp. 149-158) Alexander Graham Bell The Man Who Tied the World Together (pp. 159-164). VI. Apostle of Human RightsAbraham Lincolns Hardest Decision (pp.167-172) Mr. Thoreau of Walden Pond (pp. 173-180) Gandhi Apostle of Non -Violence (pp. 181-188). VII. Giants of the liberal artsLeonardo da Vinci The Firs Modern (pp. 191-198) Delacroix He Opened the Door to Modern Art (pp. 199-202)Pablo Picasso, Artist of the Century (pp. 203-208) Beethoven the Incredible (pp. 209-214) Frederic Chopin Poet of the Piano (pp. 215-218) Mozart, Musics Wonder Child (pp. 219-224). VIII. They Took Us Into the FutureThe Day the Atomic Age Was Born (pp. 227-232) We Tamed Penicillin (pp. 233-238) With Ranger VII-To the Moon (pp. 239-245). What is the goal of human development?Toward what end are humans and mankind striving? Hall and Lindzeys answer to these questions is this the ultimate goal is summed up by the term self-realization. Self-realization means the fullest, most complete differentiation and harmonious blending of all aspects of a humans total personality. To this end, there is one significant thing that appears to be reconciled in all human historythis is what Hall and Lindzey write as progress which did not stop with the creation of humans just as humans represent an advancement over all other species of animals, so does civilized man represent an improvement over primitive man (134).Meanwhile, Koontz, ODonnell, and Heinz Weihrich, write Every group of people that performs near its total capability has some person as its head who is skilled in the art of leadership with at least three major ingredientsthe ability to comprehend that human beings have differing motivating forces at varying times and in different situations, the ability to inspire, and the ability to act in a way that will develop a climate for responding to an arousing motivations (663).Who are the prime persons and entities in the 1990s and in the current ex that could have influenced the direction of the world affairs in todays global society? I have a few names to mention in the first place ending this essay the introduction of the internet in the early 1990s that almost shattered the communication barriers overnight wi th Bill Gatess Microsoft Internet Explorer George W. Bush, Sr.and the first Gulf War in the Middle East that reinforced the resentment of the Muslim world against Christendom and in concomitant the United States Osama Bin Landen and the 9/11 terrorism George W. Bush, Jr. and Weapons of Mass Destruction with Iraq War astronomy and the Hubble Space Telescope that captured close-up photos of far-flung universes never before seen (Voit) and the twin rovers that traversed the Martian face with Intels microprocessors as enablers of nanotechnology.These never-ceasing human endeavors reflect Jungs archetypal descriptions present in all human undertakings in any given society around the world. References Hall, Calvin S. , and Gardner Lindzey. Theories of Personality. 3rd Ed.. New York, NY Wiley, 1978. Koontz, Harold, Cyril ODonnell, and Heinz Weihrich. Management. 7th ed. Tokyo, Japan McGraw, 1980. They Changed Our World. Editors of Readers Digest. USA Berkely, (n. d. ). Voit, Mark. Hubble space telescope new views of the universe. Ed. Himmel, Eric. New York, NY Abrams.